среда, 23 декабря 2015 г.

Maybe people "get tired" of happiness...



Why no one feels pleasure continuously? Maybe people "get tired" of happiness? Just a man accustomed to his achievements, success and requires climbing a new peak, there is a need for deeper experiences, different self-affirmation and spiritual enrichment, which disappears without a sense of fullness of being. (L. A. Popov Ethics. A course of lectures. - M., 1998. - P. 79). Besides, nothing human is capable of continuous operation. No wonder Aristotle associated the pleasure with the activity.
"Pleasure is not continuous, for it accompanies activity. Some things I enjoy, while Nova, and then not, and for the same reason, the first thought is passionate and intensely active in, for example, when the faces, but after the activity is not so strained, on the contrary, she is often careless, but because they fade and pleasure.
It can be assumed that all strive for pleasure for the same reason all are drawn to life, because life is a kind of activity, and each operates in such areas and in such ways, what he especially Luba; for example, the musician works by hearing the tunes, curious - thought in the objects of speculation, and among others to behave towards each. Pleasure gives the perfection of the operations, and hence of life itself, to which all aspire. Therefore, it is clear that and are drawn to pleasure, for everyone it makes life complete". (Aristotle. Vol. in 4 vols. Vol. 4. - M., 1984. - S. 275).
However, most of those people who brings happiness to pleasure, thanks to common sense understand that happiness in special treats: long associated with the serenity and joy of life. Therefore, many devote their entire lives to the search for increasingly refined pleasures, trying to prolong an illusory happiness in this way.

HAPPINESS AS EXTERNAL WELL-BEING



According to another view, happiness consists in external wealth, i.e. wealth. But does wealth bring happiness? For some, it may be a variant of a "Golden cage". And besides, it remains an open question, whether in any way the produced wealth can be the key to happiness?
Of course, the wealth should not be discarded, as in need more difficult to feel happy. But wealth does not bring happiness to those who have a soul there is nothing but greed, who have no other joy, how to outdo the other. Add to this the fact that it is not in itself wealth makes a person happy, but "wealth acquired righteously and does not burden". (Guseinov A. A., Apresyan R. G. Ethic. - M., 1998. - S. 299), which may be related to the happiness of fortuitous circumstances.
Since wealth is closely adjacent the power that many find happiness. But the worship acquired freedom. So, those in power and dependent on him, not severable and not free from each other, since otherwise (and in this understanding of happiness) defeats the purpose of such a state of happiness. Therefore, Mr cannot be "happy" without the worship of others. And prefer to ease my soul from the burden of responsibility in freedom (and consequently, and freedom of the spirit), dicloniuses before someone will lose "his" happiness, after parting with an object of worship. Besides, with the point of view of the Christian religion, and European philosophical ethics, a lack of freedom, dependence and rigidities of misery. No wonder, Jesus clearly contrasted the "happiness as the highest good" the might of power, and carelessness, voluntarily adopted subjection. (Matt., 4:1 - 11).
However, Christian philosophers and theologians coined perhaps the most interesting concept of happiness, promising it to those who meekly accept the current morality, the power (because it comes from God) and everything should worship an exemplary Christian. This happiness is the worship of power and God allowing the sacrifice of a temporary inconvenience for a future of bliss in afterlife existence. Such happiness can be earned through renunciation of worldly goods, a variety of vows, finding in "freedom of faith", dedicating his life to serving others. This interpretation of "go to a more perfect and happy" world of prayer and Ministry, gave many people the opportunity to achieve great power, since the monasteries owned a fairly large wealth. It was a peculiar path to happiness through the attainment of power over the souls of men.
Thus, we can say that the above views about happiness are not happy by themselves. On the contrary, "real happiness is possible, with the precondition that the person taught himself to be independent as possible from external benefits, and to find joy and pleasure in the approximation to the highest good". (Guseinov A. A., Apresyan R. G. Ethic. - M., 1998. - S. 302).

Understanding of happiness in philosophy

The question of what happiness is and what it means to be happy, have long been worried about the man. "Man is created for happiness like a bird for flight". This well-known saying of the winged folk wisdom "has recorded the fact that happiness refers to the deep sides of the human existence, by its very nature. And that is why the concept of happiness must Express a certain cut of the moral life of man." (L. A. Popov Ethics. A course of lectures. - M., 1998. - P. 77).
The understanding of the essence of the consciousness of happiness not only prevents the complexity of the phenomenon of human spiritual life, but also the fact that the word "happiness" is used in everyday life in various ways. The concept of happiness for each person individually. "One happiness seems to be virtue, to others prudence, the third - known wisdom, but otherwise it all together or something one in connection with pleasure or not without pleasure, there are those that include the concept of external happiness and welfare".(Aristotle. Vol. in 4 vols. Vol. 4. - M., 1984. - P. 66).
Listing various people's opinions about happiness, we can say that for most people happiness is something visual and obvious: the luck, the pleasure, honor, wealth, etc. "Happiness, we say, is the same thing that the well-being and the good life". (Aristotle. Vol. in 4 vols. Vol. 4. - M., 1984. - S. 302). Therefore, "the question of happiness is not just a question of how to be lucky, happy or even virtuous, but above all, what is a good happy life and what man ought to strive in the first place." (Guseinov A. A., Apresyan R. G. Ethics. - M., 1998. - S. 295).
There is a definition of happiness as "moral consciousness, which refers to the human condition, which corresponds to the greatest inner satisfaction with the conditions of its existence, completeness and meaningfulness of life, to implement its human destination. As the dream, happiness is sensual-emotional ideal form, but unlike it means not the striving of the individual, and execution of these aspirations. The concept of happiness is not just characterizes certain specific position or subjective state of the person but also expresses the idea of what should be all life that is bliss. Depending on how interpreted the purpose and meaning of human life, and is content with happiness. So this concept is still normative and value nature." (The dictionary on ethics. Ed. by I. S. Kon., 1975. - S. 303).

THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "HAPPINESS"

Tracing the etymology of the word "happiness", you will notice a pattern. The Greek word "Eudaimonia" (= happiness) is composed of two words eu (good) and daimon (deity), i.e. literally meant that the destiny of man is under the protection of the gods.
In Rome, the word "happiness" meant the name of the goddess Fortuna. The word "Fortuna" had two meanings - luck and fate. The goddess was depicted with the cornucopia, wheel and a steering oar. That is, she embodied divine grace, which can be given only to the worthy. So the perception of happiness as a category in the Roman Empire was purely practical. It was welfare, the possibility of fulfilling desires, etc.
For the lower strata of society often happiness meant esteticheskoe the unity of the gods, which can grant a better life. Later this attitude is fortunately reflected in the Christian doctrine.
In Russian, the word "happiness" also has several meanings:
1) fate, destiny, lot, share; i.e. to be happy at first was understood as "to be under the mercy of higher powers",
2) a coincidence, a welcome surprise, success in business, i.e. to be happy, can also mean that a person can be a participant in your own destiny.
But there is also third option: happiness - prosperity, welfare, peace and contentment; a life without cares and worries - this is a more down-to-earth option, something like "happiness for the poor."
"Luck" in Russian has several meanings - it is the success case, suddenly successful outcome, as well as the sudden happiness, though the early meaning of the word was obedience, pliability destiny. That is, in the Russian language the words "luck" and "happiness" over time become synonymous and mean about the same as before - being under the patronage of some higher power. But, how many people, so many opinions, so you can select some of the most common views on happiness. We consider next.

Interesting concept of happiness

However, Christian philosophers and theologians coined perhaps the most interesting concept of happiness, promising it to those who meekly accept the current morality, the power (because it comes from God) and everything should worship an exemplary Christian. This happiness is the worship of power and God allowing the sacrifice of a temporary inconvenience for a future of bliss in afterlife existence. Such happiness can be earned through renunciation of worldly goods, a variety of vows, finding in "freedom of faith", dedicating his life to serving others. This interpretation of "go to a more perfect and happy" world of prayer and Ministry, gave many people the opportunity to achieve great power, since the monasteries owned a fairly large wealth. It was a peculiar path to happiness through the attainment of power over the souls of men.
Thus, we can say that the above views about happiness are not happy by themselves. On the contrary, "real happiness is possible, with the precondition that the person taught himself to be independent as possible from external benefits, and to find joy and pleasure in the approximation to the highest good". (Guseinov A. A., Apresyan R. G. Ethic. - M., 1998. - S. 302).

вторник, 3 ноября 2015 г.

We just don’t have the capacity to look after them all

In a yellow, concrete dorm building for refugee children located just outside the city center, there's a room at the end of a long, dark hallway. A group of children, ages 7  to 16, huddle in the doorway, peering in at its exotic content: a pool table. Inside, children wield cues, slapping balls wildly across the green felt table, betting candy bars on the outcome of the games.
For these refugee children, pool is an unknown -- but welcome -- distraction from painful memories of their lives before they landed in Germany, leaving behind homes in the war-torn states of Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea and Sudan. The game has become a way to pass the time amid hours of sitting in stairwells and playing on their phones or lying on their beds in their rooms waiting for the next meal.
But that lone diversion is slated to disappear. The pool table was set to be removed to make space for more children -- a minor accommodation that speaks to the crisis sweeping Europe. As a torrent of refugees reaches its shores, there remains variations of the same basic question: What should they do with all these young people?
“We just don’t have the capacity to look after them all.”
Last year, 24,000 unaccompanied minors -- children traveling without a parent -- applied for asylum in the European Union. This year, the numbers are likely to be much higher, according to a recent report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Estimates by international aid organizations suggested that between 4 and 7 percent of the approximately 700,000 asylum applications made in 2015 came from unaccompanied minors. So many have arrived on the shores of Greece that the international aid organization Save the Children told International Business Times that they have no way of tracking them all.
This home in Munich is already at full capacity. The children have to eat in shifts, share rooms with more than 10 others and take turns on bicycles in the basement. Public services are also limited: A couple of volunteer teachers and a single doctor serve the 95 children who reside there.
Aside from the occasional group activity or German class, the teenagers largely are left to fend for themselves. And while the accommodation is clean and residents are given three meals a day, children go missing “almost on a daily basis,” Eva Ramsauer, the home’s psychologist, said.
“We just don’t have the capacity to look after them all.”

 http://www.ibtimes.com/overwhelmed-thousands-refugee-children-traveling-alone-europe-considers-adoption-2125338